Confirmed Waec 2013 BIOLOGY PRACTICAL Answers

PRATICAL BIOLOGY

SPECIMEN A:

specimen A is a stem of cassava.
specimen A is propagated by
stem cutting. specimen A consist
of nodes .a leaf or palmate leaf .

botanical name =manihof spp.

pest of
specimen A includes.
(a)grasshopper

(b)white flies

(c)mealy bug
(d)rodents .
disease
of specimen A are casava mosaic, leaf spot ,root knot e.t.c



CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN A

(a)possesion of nodes

(b)presence of inter nodes

(c)possesion of buds

(d)possesion of leaves and leaves stalk

(e)it stored food in the roots



SPECIMEN B

SPECIMEN B is a plantain or

bannana sucker .

method of propagating specimen
B is by sucker. class of fruit of specimen B is a berry. other
plants in the same class of berry are:
(a)tomato

(b)guava

(c)garden eggs

other plants that can propagated

by sucker are:
(a)pineaple
(b)
bannana .
suckers are
underground young plants which

develop from the axillary buds of
the parent plant.

Ecological consequence of sucker
is over crowding leading
to competition for space, light
and available food resources .

***********************


CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN B

(a)presence of advations roots

(b) possesion of axillary buds

(c) possesion of leaf base

(d) underground stem of main shoot is also present



ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF

SPECIMEN B

(a)the new plant arised from the
stem sucker is a source of income
to the farmers

(b)the fruit cell is also a source of income

(c)the fruit is a good source of food, vitamins,minerals,e.t.c

(d)the leaf base of the main shoot can also host pests and diseases.



SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN A AND B

(a)both are propagated through
their vegetative parts.

(b)both consist of buds



DIFFERECES BETWEEN SPECIMEN A AND B

SPECIMEN A

(a)its a stem of cassava

(b)absense of the stem sucker

(c)it is dicot



SPECIMEN B

(a)it is a plantain sucker

(b)presence of stem sucker

(c)it is a monocot


SPECIMEN C

specimen C is runner of grass. runners are stems which grow
horizontally on the surface
of the ground
examples are
(a)imperata
cylindrica
(b)runner of sweet
potato
(c)strawberry
(d)blueberry
e.t.c

***********************
----DIAGRAM------

the structure of imperata

cylindrics (a runner)

***********************
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A
RUNNER

(a)possesion of buds

(b)they grow horizontally to the
surface of the ground

(c)they are organs of vegetative
propagation

(d)possesion of advatition roots.



SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN B & C

(a)both are propagated through
their vegetative parts

(b)both have advertition roots

(c)scale leaves are present in
both specimen



DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SPECIMEN B&C

SPECIMEN B

(a)its a plantain sucker

(b)possesion of underground stem

(c)stem sucker grow vertically



SPECIMEN C

(a)is a runner of grass.

(b)the stem grow on the surface of the ground

(c)stem runner grow horizontally.



SPECIMEN D

specimen D is spirogyrs

filorments in water in a petric
dish. Specimen D is a filaments
plants in the division of
thallophyt.

other organisms in the thallophyt
are

(a)sargassum

(b)closterium

(c)anabaena , e.t.c



CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN D

(a)possesion of clchiroplast

(b)possesion of mucilage

(c)possesion of cell wall

(d)possesion of pyreniod

(e)it is a simple multicellular
organism
***********************

---DIAGRAM----


the structure of specimen D

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Mode of reproduction:

-specimen D carries out sexual
reproduction by conjugation &
asexual reproduction by

fragmentation

-When specimen D (SPIROGYRS)

cell is immersed in salt (super)
solution more concentrated than
its cell sap, the cell (spirogyrs) will
shrink & die (plasmolysis have

taking
place).

-Rub the filament of the

specimen D gently between your

fingers & you will observe that
the filaments are coated with
mucilage which makes them
slimy.

-Place a filament of specimen D
in a cover slip or white tidet&
place a drop of iodine solution

the part (portion) of the

specimen. the portion turned
blue-black showing
the presence of starch.


-The invunerable bubbles of gas
form among the threads of
specimen D shows that oxygen is

evolved during photosynthesis.

Mode of nutrition of specimen:

-D is AUTOgraph (holophytic)
nutrition.

-The habitat of specimen D is
aquatic (moist place)


SPECIMEN E

***********************
-----DIAGRAM----

The structure of specimen E

***********************

CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN E

(a)it consist of bronehioles

(b)it also consist of alveoli

(c)it consist of network of blood
capillaries

(d)it is used for respiration

-Respiration is a metabolic

process wchich takes part in
living cells by which organic
nutrients are broken down to
release energy (ATP) for life

activity or (6H12

O6 6O2-->6CO2 6H2O ATP)



SIMILARITIES BETWEEN

PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND

RESPIRATION

(a)both occur in living organism



DIFFERENCES BETWEEN

RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS

RESPIRATION:

(a) it is exothermic

(b)it occur in plants & animals

(c)respiration is a catabolic
process

(d)heat is libiberated

(e)oxygen is used

Photosynthesis:

(a)it is endothermic

(b)it occur only in plants

(c)photosynthesis is an anearobic
procces

(d)heat is absorbed

(e)oxygen is liberated



SPECIMEN F

SPECIMEN F is freshly perserved
Toad.

Habitat of specimen F is

terretrial-aquatic.

Respiratory organ:

lungs, skin, gills, & buea cavity.

Class of specimen F is amphibian.

Parental care= none.

Reproduction= sexual.

Fertilization= external.

Excretory organ= kidney.

Mode of nutrition=

carnivores, during adult stage &
herbivore during tadpole stage.

**********************

----DIAGRAM----

structure of specimen F

***********************
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF
SPECIMEN F

specimen F undergoes various
stages of development which are

(a)courtship stage

(b)the egg stage

(c)the young tadpole stage

(d)the external gill stage

(e)the internal gill stage

(f)the limb stage

(g)the young toad stage.

METAMORPHOSIS of specimen F

SPECIMEN F undergoes

incomplete metemorphosis, that

is from egg->tadpole->adult.

Metamorphosis is the series of
gradual charges of forms & shape
of an insect from the
fertilised egg to adult.



EFFECTS OR ROLE OF HORMONE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOAD

(SPECIMEN F)

In the specimen

F, metamorphosis is controlled by

the hormone called

thyroxin, tyroxin lastens the rates
of metamorphosis.



CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN F

(a)possesion of bulg eye

(b)possesion of poisonous gland

(c)specimen F exibit dual life

(d)absense of neek

(e)possesion of webbed limbs

ADAPTATION OF SPECIMEN F IT'S
HABITAT

(a)possesion of poisonous glands
for defence

(b)presence of long sticky tongue
for capturin of prey

(c)possesion of webbed limbs for
swimming

(d)possesion of tympanic

membrane for recieving sound

(e)absense of tail for easy

hopping.



ECONOMIC IMPORTACE OF

SPECIMEN F

(a)it destroyed some equatic
weeds during tadpole stage

(b)it reduce the effect of

structural adaptative of insects.

(c)it serve as a food to terrestrial

organism e.g hawk, snake e.t.c

(d)it also serve as food to some
aquatic species



SPECIMEN G1

Specimen G1 is water leaf plant
with fleshy stem

***********************

----DIAGRAM----

The stucture of specimen G1

***********************

----DIAGRAM----

traverse sector of the stem
specimen G1

***********************STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIVE OF
SPECIMEN G1

(a)possesion of taproot system

(b)possesion of lenticells

(c)pressure of hair root

(d)possesion of succulent leaves



DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MONOCOT & DICOT

MONOCOT

(a)Possesion of narrow cortex

(b)absense of cambium

(c)possesion of fibrous root
system

(d)possesion of broad leaf tip

DICOT

(a)possesion of wide cortex

(b)presence of cambium

(c)possesion of taproot system

(d)possesion of pointed leaf tip



SPECIMEN G2

specimen G2 is water leaf plant
with fleshy stem (left in eosin
solution for minimum of six
hours).
An experiment to show that the
xylem tissue conducts water

upwards from the roots through
the stem to the leaves.

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT

to show that the xylem tissue
conducts water upwards from
the roots through the stem to

the leave

METHOD OF THE EXPERIMENT

A young herbacous plant

(specimen G2) is
uprooted, washed & placed in a
beaker containing eosin solution

(red ink) the roots must be
completely covered by the soluion
(eosin) leave the set UP for about
six hours at the end of six

hours, the plants is brought out &
washed in a tap water. transverse

section of the roots,

stems, 7leaves of

the plant are made & examined under a microscope .




OBSERVATION-The xylem vessels are staired red



CONCLUSION-it shows that the xylem tissue conducts water in plant


SPECIMEN L

specimen L is skin of a goat.



ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF

SPEICIMEN L

(a)A good source of income

(b)its used for decoration

(c)it is used for musical

instrument

(d)A good meat

***********************----DIAGRAM----

THE STRUCTURE OF SPECIMEN L
***********************
SOURCE OF SPECIMEN L

specimen L can be obtained from

goat, sheep cow e.t.c



IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN L to

the organisms where it can be
obtained

(a)it relegate body temperature

(b)it brings about responds to
stimulus

(c)it also help for excretion&
osmorgulation

(d)it also help to manufacture &
store vitamins



SPECIMEN M

Specimen M is quill feather from
birds

***********************

----DIAGRAM----

Structure of specimen M

***********************
Types of feather

(a)quill feather

(b)contour feather

(c)down feather

(d)filoplume feather.



ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF

SPECIMEN M

(a)t is used for flight

(b)it gives shape to the animal

(c)the calamus is rich in mineral

(d)it is used for making of pillos

(e)it is used for decoration

(f)A source of manure



CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN M

(a)possesion of vane

(b)presence of barbs

(c)it is used for flight

(d)presence of calamus

(e)possesion shaft

ADAPTIVE FEATHERS OF SPECIMEN
M

(a)it is modified for flight

(b)its used as an insulator

(c)it gives shapes to the organs
that posses them

(d)it is also used to keep the
osmotic temperature of the
organisms that posses them
constant.



SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN L&M

(a)both are anal bye-products

(b)both also helps to maintain
constant body temperature .

(c)both also helps to protect the
body from diseases, cold e.t.c

(d)both can be used for

decoration

-Parasites of specimen M is flies

-Parasites of specimen L is tick



DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SPECIMEN L&M

Specimen L

(a)specimen L is obtained from
goats,sheep e.t.c

(b)it consists of fur (hairs)

(c)specimen L is not modified for
flight

(d)absense of vane & barbs



Specimen M

(a)specimen M is obtained from
birds.

(b)it does not consists of fur

(c)specimen M modified for flight

(d)presense of vane & barbs
SPECIMEN N

specimen N is a shell of a great
african snail

***********************

---DIAGRAM----


STRUCTURE OF SPECIMEN N

***********************
-Respiratory organ of specimen N
is by the foot.

-Habitat= terrestrial i.e humid
areas.


CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN N

(a)possesion of apex of shell

(b)it is hexical in nature

(c)presence of aparture

(d)possesion of spiral whorn.



ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF

SPECIMEN N

(a)it is used as ornament

(b)it is also used for musical
instrument purpose
s.
(c)A source of income.

(d)it is used for drinking of water



SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN L, M & N

(a)they are all obtained from
animals

(b)all are anal bye-product

(c)all are used for decoration

(d)they are used for musical
instrumental purposes.



SPECIMEN P

SPECIMEN p is a tuber of irish
potato. its also stem

tuber. specimen P is grown on a
cold temperature environment

***********************
---DIAGRAM---

STRUCTURE OF SPECIMEN P

***********************
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN P

(a)specimen P is a tuber

(b)possesion of scale leaf

(c)possesion of lenticell

(d)possesion of axillary bud or
eye



ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF

SPECIMEN P

(a)A good source of food

(b)A source of income

(c)A specimen P is a source of
carborhydrate.



SPECIMEN Q

specimen Q is a twig of hibiscus
flower.



CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN Q

(a)The tendril twigs round a
supports

(b)the tendril is located at the
top of the leaf




EXPERIMENTS USING SPECIMEN H

(a)test for starch using specimen
H & P>>>

collect a few pieces of spcimen p

(irish potato) & add few drops of
specimen H (IODINE SOLUTION).

Record your observation &
inference


-OBSERVATION: The colour of the
portion of specimen P change to
blue-black .



-INFERENCE: It indicate the

presence of starch.



TEST OFF STARCH ON GREEN LEAF
USING THE LEAF SPECIMEN G1,G2,&Q

METHOD OF EXPERIMENT: Step 1:

Collect the leaf from any of the
specimen above .boil the leaf for
about 4-7 minutes to kill the
cells, burst starch grains that are
present & to inactivate the
in the leaf.



STEP 2: Then dip the boiled leaf
into a test tube containing 70%
alcohol to decolourised the leaf



STEP 3: Finally,collect the leaf in a

test tube containing 70% alcohol
& place in a white tile & pour few
drops of specimen H (IODINE)

Solution on the leaf.



OBSERVATION: The leaf turned
blue-black or iodine solution.



INFERENCE: It indicates the

presence of starch.
GOOD LUCK PALS